Subject. This article examines the problem of identifying the financial result on the Goods Inventory account. For the first time, the procedure for determining the financial result on the Goods Inventory account was described by Luca Pacioli in the twenty-seventh chapter of his Treatise on the Accounts and Records (Particularis de Computis et Scripturis) in 1494. It raises many questions. Objectives. The article aims to reconstruct the procedure for identifying the financial result on the account Goods Inventory on the basis of medieval treatises on accounting. It also aims to prove that medieval treatises on accounting published after the publication of Luca Pacioli's Treatise on the Accounts and Records are of independent scientific value. Methods. For the study, I used combinations of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and historical and logical research methods. Results. Based on the study of the works of medieval authors, the article reconstructs the procedure for determining the financial result on the account Goods Inventory and proves that medieval works on accounting, published before the end of the 16th century, had independent scientific significance. Relevance. The results obtained can be applied to explain the nature of the financial result, and when defining the financial result and developing an accounting methodology for identifying it.
Pacioli L. Traktat o schetakh i zapisyakh [Treatise on the Accounts and Records]. Moscow, Finansy i statistika Publ., Krasnodar, Prosveshchenie-Yug Publ., 2009, 305 p.
Sokolov Ya.V. Ocherki po istorii bukhgalterskogo ucheta [Essays on the history of accounting]. Moscow, Finansy i statistika Publ., 1991, 400 p.
Sokolov Ya.V. Osnovy teorii bukhgalterskogo ucheta [The basics of the accounting theory]. Moscow, Finansy i statistika Publ., 2005, 495 p.
Yamey B.S. Commentary on Pacioli's “De Computis et Scripturis”. In: A. Gebsattel and B.S. Yamey (eds) Luca Pacioli: Exposition of Double Entry Bookkeeping: Venice 1494. Venice, Albrizzi Editore, 1994, pp. 95–169.
Stoner G. The Perseverance of Pacioli's Goods Inventory Accounting System. Accounting History, 2011, vol. 16, iss. 3, pp. 313–329. URL: Link
Toms J.S. Calculating Profit: A Historical Perspective on the Development of Capitalism. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 2010, vol. 35, iss. 2, pp. 205–221. URL: Link
Lee G.A. The Concept of Profit in British Accounting, 1760–1900. Business History Review, 1975, vol. 49, iss. 1, pp. 6–36. URL: Link
Geijsbeek J.B. Ancient Double-Entry Bookkeeping. Lucas Pacioli's Treatise (A. D. 1494 – The earliest known writer on bookkeeping) reproduced and translated with reproductions, notes and abstracts from Manzoni, Pietra, Mainardi, Ympyn, Stevin and Dafforne. Denver, Col., 1914, 182 p.
Pacioli L. Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita. Venice, Paganino de Paganini, 1523, 448 p.
Yamey B.S. The Market for Luca Pacioli's Summa de Arithmetica: Some Comments. The Accounting Historians Journal, 2010, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 145–154. URL: Link
Cardanus Hieronymus. Medici Mediolanensis, Practica Arithmetice, et Mensurandi Singularis. In qua que preter alias cotinentur, versa pagina demonstrabit. Io. Antonins Castellioneus Mediolani imprimebat, 1539, 608 p.
Gamersfelder Sebastian. Buchhalten durch zwey Bücher nach Italiänischer Art und Weise, gestellet durch Sebastian Gamersfelder von Passaw, Bürger und Deutscher Schulmeister zu Dantzigk. Volume of Independents, 1570.
Bauer O.O. Memuary k istorii bukhgalterii i pamyatniki svyashchennoi stariny [Memoirs on the history of bookkeeping and the heritage of the sacred past]. Moscow, Pechatnya S.P. Yakovleva Publ., 1911, X, 339, 3 p.
Galagan A.M. Osnovy obshchego schetovedeniya [Basics of general accounting]. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo Narkomtorga SSSR i RSFSR Publ., 1928, 436 p.
Blatov N.A. Osnovy obshchei bukhgalterii v svyazi s torgovym, promyshlennym i smetnym schetovodstvom… [Fundamentals of general accountancy in relation with commercial, industrial and budget accounting…]. Leningrad, Ekonomicheskoe obrazovanie Publ., 1927, 536 p.
Manzoni Dominico. Quaderno doppio col suo giornale, novamente composto, & diligentissimamente ordinato, secondo il costume di Venetia. Venetia, Comin de Tridino de Monferrato, 1540.
Manzoni Dominico. Libro mercantile, ordinato col suo giornale & alfabeto, per tener conti doppi al modo di Venetia, & potrà seruir in ogn'altro luogo, agiuntoui alcune cose necessarie, & vtili à maggior intelligenza di ciascuno. Con alcune sorti di lettere cancellaresche, mercantesche, & bastarde, et due alfabeti di miniature bellissimi. Venetia, Comin da Trino di Monferrato, 1573.
Grammateus Henricus. Ayn new kunstlich Buech welches gar gewiß und behend lernet nach der gemainen regel Detre. 2te Aufl. Norimbergae, 1521.
Yamey B.S. The Index to the Ledger: Some Historical Notes. The Accounting Review, 1980, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 419–425. URL: Link
Ympyn Christoffels Jan. Nieuwe Instructie Ende bewijs der loffelijcker Consten des Rekenboecks, ende Rekeninghe te houdene nae die Italiaensche maniere, allen Cooplie den, Rentmeesteren, Tollenaren, Assijsmee steren, zeer nut ende Profytelijck: Informerende eenen yeghelijcken, hoe hy zekere ende perfecte Rekeninghe houden sal met dobbel boecken nae der manieren voors. Waer duer elck by hem seluen lichtelijck in allen sinen sa ken en affaire groote experientie crighen sal. Ghetranslateert met grooter diligentien uit die Italiaensche tale in onser spraken duer Jan Ympyn Christoffels… eerst uitghegeuen int Jaer M. Gum Gratia & Preuilegio, vier Jaren lanck duerende, zoot blijet by der Copien van die Keyserlijcke Maiesteyt verleent. Antwerpen, Gillis Copyns van Diest, 1543.
Schweicker Wolfgang. Zwifach Buchhalten, sampt seinë Giornal, desselben Beschlus, auch Rechnung zuthun… Durch Wolffgang Schweicker Senior, von Nürnberg, yetzt in Venedig wonend, mit allem fleis gemacht und zusamen bracht. 1549. Mit Römischer Keyserlicher Maiestat Priuilegio in sex Jaren nit nach zutrucken, 1549.
Shapiro S. [Residue and result determination]. Schetovodstvo, 1892, no. 10, pp. 123–126. (In Russ.)
Mennher Valentin. Practique brifue pour cyfrer et tenir Liures de Compte touchant le Principal train de Marchandise. Amberes, 1550.
