Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the oversight of decentralized finance. Objectives. The article aims to search for the optimal conditions for the effective implementation of the embedded supervision of decentralized finance. Methods. For the study, I used retrospective, systems, and functional and structural analyses, classification, comparison, and generalization. Results. The article describes the main problems and ways to solve them in terms of economic analysis of the embedded supervision over decentralized finance. It defines the built-in analysis and optimal conditions for its implementation. The article proposes mathematically determined parameters and recommendations for implementing embedded supervision related to the behavior of nodes and consumption of their register for confirming operations with digital property. Conclusions. The proposed economic and mathematical approaches help formalize the task of embedded supervision in the DeFi environment, and find solutions that take into account the interests of all market participants, as well. The optimization models discussed demonstrate the possibility of balancing the need for transparency and the need to preserve the main benefits of decentralization.
Carstens A., Nilekani N. Finternet: the financial system for the future. BIS Working Papers, 2024, no. 1178, 44 p.
Kitzler S., Friedhelm V., Saggese P., Haslhofer B. Disentangling decentralized finance (DeFi) compositions. ACM Transactions on the Web, 2023, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 1–26. DOI: 10.1145/3532857
Khan A., Sandner P. DeFi: an overview of use cases and a status quo analysis of the ecosystem In: The Elgar Companion to Decentralized Finance, Digital Assets, and Blockchain Technologies. Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2025, pp. 5–34. DOI: 10.4337/9781035307760.00006
Auer R., Tercero-Lucas D. Distrust or speculation? The socioeconomic drivers of US cryptocurrency investments. BIS Working Papers, 2021, no. 951, 55 p.
Walch A. Deconstructing 'decentralization': Exploring the core claim of crypto systems. In: Brummer C. (ed.) Cryptoassets: Legal, Regulatory, and Monetary Perspectives, New York, Oxford Academic, 2019, pp. 39–68. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190077310.003.0003
Benos E., Garratt R., Gurrola-Perez P. The economics of distributed ledger technology for securities settlement. Ledger, 2019, vol. 4. DOI: 10.5195/ledger.2019.144
Spindler J.C. Shaq, Ripple, and the Future of Crypto Regulation. William & Mary Law Review, 2025, vol. 66, iss. 6.
Xiangyi W., Kunlun D., Zhou T., Xianbin L. A Preliminary Study of Embedded Supervision Thoughts: Based on a Distributed Financial System. Contemporary Social Sciences, 2022. DOI: 10.19873/j.cnki.2096-0212.2022.02.002
