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Finance and Credit
 

Smart Contract: Concept, Financial Essence, World Experience and Opportunities of Practical Use

Vol. 27, Iss. 8, AUGUST 2021

Received: 17 May 2021

Received in revised form: 31 May 2021

Accepted: 14 June 2021

Available online: 30 August 2021

Subject Heading: THEORY OF FINANCE

JEL Classification: G20, H51, O33

Pages: 1871–1893

https://doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.8.1871

Vasilii A. DADALKO Institute of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russian Federation
antikrizis1@bk.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-0051

Vladimir V. NIKOLAEVSKII Belarus State Economic University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
v.nikolaevsky@tut.by

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-6657

Andrei D. NEKRASOV Municipal Unitary Enterprise Minsksanavtotrans, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
nekrasov19951@gmail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3059-1860

Dar’ya S. SHERSTNEVA OAO ASB Belarusbank, Lida, Republic of Belarus
scherstneva-b@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-9158

Subject. The article considers smart contracts as digital financial instruments, their financial and economic essence, which is defined as digital instruments for the settlement of financial relations.
Objectives. The aim is to introduce into scientific use such a system concept as digital financial instruments and mechanisms based on the consideration of their economic, legal and financial essence.
Methods. The study rests on systems approach that enables to present a smart contract from a technological, economic, legal and financial position as a set of elements with their specific functions defining its complex concept.
Results. We reveal the nature of financial relations, arising at the time when bilateral or multilateral transactions are concluded and smart contracts are presented as ways to automatically settle them. Completion of a smart contract is a confirmation of the completion of the transaction and the moment of termination of financial relationship. The article shows the fundamental possibility of using smart contracts in the system of budget relations as a tool for the settlement of a multilateral transaction.
Conclusions. Currently, smart contracts are an essential element of a new stage in the development of financial technologies. Specialists in the financial and banking sector recognize the emerging opportunities for their use in the system of financial relations. The paper shows an example of possible use of smart contracts in the settlement of budget relations and in improving the utilization efficiency of budget funds.

Keywords: smart contract, transaction, digital financial instrument, financial relations, efficiency

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