Sedash T.N.Financial University under Government of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation t_sedash@mail.ru
One of the priorities of Russia's development is the environmentally-oriented economic growth, preservation of favorable environment, biodiversity and natural resources. To build an efficient system of environmental and economic regulation of the Russian economy, it is necessary to study, analyze and adapt the international experience in this area. The purpose of this paper is to study the foreign experience in stimulating environmental performance, identify modern trends in development and application of economic tools of creating incentives for environment protection in various countries around the world. The article discusses the main instruments of State regulation (environmental taxes and incentives, pollution charges, fines, accelerated depreciation, subsidies, grants, government programs, concessional lending) and market-based instruments (license and pollution quotas trading, green bonds, environmental insurance, concessions, public-private partnership, environmental funds, environmental associations) used in the global practice. The author gives recommendations on the use of economic instruments to stimulate environmental projects in Russia and makes a conclusion about the need for an integrated approach and a sequence of steps to encourage environment-related activity of companies. As for the government regulation in Russia, in the first place, the author proposes to introduce a system of environmental taxes, accelerated depreciation of environmental protection equipment, an increase in fines for environmental pollution. Another conclusion concerns the need to improve the legislative mechanism of ecological insurance, environmental audit, and to introduce pollution rights trading in certain territories.
Keywords: economic tool, green economy, foreign experience, incentives, environment-related activities
References:
Avdeeva S.S. [Basic areas of improving organizational and economic mechanism of attracting investment in environmental protection]. Rossiiskii ekonomicheskii internet-zhurnal, 2010, no. 3, pp. 1–6. (In Russ.) Available at: Link.
Al'khanakta V.V. Effektivnost' sochetaniya administrativnykh i rynochnykh instrumentov ekologicheskoi politiki [The effectiveness of a combination of administrative and market-based instruments of environmental policy]. Belorusskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal = Belarusian economic journal, 2007, no. 4, pp. 70–80.
Bochko V.S., Nekrasov A.A. Zelenaya Ekonomika: teoriya voprosa [Green economy: a theory of the issue]. Zhurnal ekonomicheskoi teorii = Journal of economic theory, 2014, no. 1, pp. 244–248.
Gassii V.V., Arumova E.S. Gosudarstvenno-chastnoe partnerstvo v oblasti privlecheniya investitsii v okhranu okruzhayushchei sredy: regional'nyi aspekt [Public-private partnership in the area of attracting investment in environmental protection: a regional perspective]. Ekonomika ustoichivogo razvitiya = Economics of sustainable development, 2013, no. 13, pp. 58–62.
Grishina I.V., Zinov'eva I.S. Ekonomicheskie mekhanizmy okhrany okruzhayushchei sredy [Economic mechanisms of environmental protection]. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya = Advances of modern natural science, 2012, no. 4, pp. 181–182.
Dorogovtseva A.A., Erygina A.V., Dorogovtsev A.P. Realizatsiya ekonomicheskogo mekhanizma regulirovaniya okhrany okruzhayushchei sredy (na primere vodnykh ob"ektov) [Implementing the economic mechanism of environmental protection regulation (a water objects case study)]. Ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz = Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast, 2012, no. 2, pp. 163–170.
Dudnik D.V. Ekonomicheskoe stimulirovanie okhrany okruzhayushchei sredy kak instrument ekonomicheskogo upravleniya zemel'nymi resursami Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Economic incentives for environmental protection as an instrument of economic management of land resources of the Russian Federation]. Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya = Theory and practice of social development, 2011, no. 2, pp. 316–320.
Elkina L.G., Vil'danova L.V. Rynochnyi mekhanizm upravleniya okhranoi okruzhayushchei prirodnoi sredy [A market mechanism of control over environmental protection]. Nauchnoe obozrenie = Scientific review, 2013, no. 1, pp. 220–226.
Klimaticheskaya politika v Rossii i mire [The climate policy in Russia and in the world]. Energeticheskii byulleten' = Energy bulletin, 2014, no. 13, p. 32.
Kozhevnikova T.M., Ter-Akopov S.G. “Zelenaya ekonomika” kak odno iz napravlenii ustoichivogo razvitiya [Green economy as one of the areas of sustainable development]. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie yavleniya i protsessy = Socio-economic phenomena and processes, 2013, no. 3, pp. 78–82.
Kolesnikova K.V. Byudzhetnye kredity kak forma finansirovaniya okhrany okruzhayushchei sredy [Public budget loans as a form of environmental protection financing]. Obshchestvo i pravo = Society and law, 2010, no. 5, pp. 76–78.
Kolikova M.K. Ekologicheskoe strakhovanie – deistvennyi mekhanizm okhrany i vosstanovleniya okruzhayushchei sredy [Environmental insurance is an effective mechanism of protection and restoration of environment]. Ugol' = Coal, 2012, no. 4, pp. 77.
Kostyanaya A.A., Zinov'eva I.S. Mezhdunarodnoe sotrudnichestvo v oblasti ekonomiki prirodopol'zovaniya i okhrany okruzhayushchei sredy [International cooperation in environmental economics and environmental protection]. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya = Advances of modern natural science, 2012, no. 4, pp. 189–190.
Kruchinina N.V. Razrabotka ekonomicheskikh pokazatelei dlya formirovaniya sistemy stimulirovaniya prirodookhrannoi deyatel'nosti predpriyatii [Development of economic indicators for building a system of incentives for the environmental activities of businesses]. Ekonomicheskii analiz: teoriya i praktika = Economic analysis: theory and practice, 2010, no. 14, pp. 50–53.
Mar'in E.V. Finansirovanie okhrany okruzhayushchei sredy i ratsional'nogo prirodopol'zovaniya: byudzhetno-pravovye i nalogovye mekhanizmy [Financing the environmental protection and rational nature management: budget, tax and legal mechanisms]. Finansovoe pravo = Financial law, 2012, no. 6, pp. 5–9.
Nikitina Yu.A., Davydova M.V. Problemy ekonomicheskogo stimulirovaniya okhrany okruzhayushchei sredy predpriyatiyami TEK [Problems of economic incentives for the environmental protection by energy sector enterprises]. Mineral'nye resursy Rossii.Ekonomika i upravlenie = Mineral resources of Russia. Economics and management, 2011, no. 6, pp. 60–64.
Paptsov A.G., Shelamova N.A. Zelenaya ekonomika – novoe napravlenie ustoichivogo razvitiya [Green economy as a new area of sustainable development]. Ekonomika sel'skogo khozyaistva Rossii = Economics of agriculture of Russia, 2014, no. 11, pp. 67–73.
Petko O.V. Investitsii v okhranu okruzhayushchei sredy kak neobkhodimoe uslovie uluchsheniya kachestva prirodnoi sredy i ekologicheskikh uslovii zhizni cheloveka [Investment in environmental protection as a necessary condition to improve the quality of environment and environmental conditions of a man’s life]. Rossiiskoe predprinimatel'stvo = Russian Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2012, no. 7, pp. 10–14.
Tarasenko N.V., Kriulina E.N. Okhrana okruzhayushchei sredy kak instrument effektivnoi gosudarstvennoi politiki v federal'nykh okrugakh i regionakh [Environmental protection as a tool of effective public policy in federal districts and regions]. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii = Modern high technologies, 2012, no. 6, pp. 60–63.
Khutorova N.A. Finansovye innovatsii kak instrument snizheniya antropogennoi nagruzki na ekosistemu [Financial innovation as a tool to reduce anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem]. Trud i sotsial'nye otnosheniya = Labor and social relations, 2011, no. 5, pp. 103–109.
Yuzbekov M.A., Yuzbekov A.K. Razrabotka ekonomicheskikh metodov upravleniya ekologicheskoi bezopasnost'yu v regione [Developing the economic methods of ecological security management in a region]. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya = Fundamental research, 2013, no. 4-1, pp. 233–237.
Yashalova N.N. Razrabotka indikatorov “zelenoi” ekonomiki na regional'nom urovne [Developing the green economy indicators at the regional level]. Natsional'nye interesy: prioritety i bezopasnost' = National interests: priorities and security, 2014, no. 40, pp. 26–34.
