Subject. Enhancing the scientific and technological potential of the Russian Federation. Objectives. Identifying key institutional problems that hinder effective robotization. Methods. General scientific research methods were applied. Results. The main challenges caused by the process of robotization are related to rising unemployment, increased cyber threats, and tax imbalances; ethical issues and problems with regulatory frameworks are also relevant. The qualifications of specialists in robotics do not meet market demands, and the effectiveness of the grant system supporting new technology developers is low. Conclusions. Robotization is an irreversible process that is a result of scientific and technological progress. Solving the problems related to the adaptation of Russian enterprises to new conditions will be helped by a gradual, 'targeted' integration of modern technologies into the national economy.
Keywords: robotization, modernization, productivity, institutional constraints, national economy
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