Subject. This article discusses the issues of development of Russia's border regions and new geopolitical challenges for the country. Objectives. The article aims to justify the necessity to use a differentiated approach to solving economic problems of border areas and ensuring their security. Methods. For the study, we used comparative and systems analyses. Results. The article finds that the necessity for a differentiated approach to the formation of regional policy regarding border areas is determined by factors such as changes in the priorities of spatial development and the country's foreign policy course. Conclusions. A differentiated approach to the development of border areas will contribute to improving their attractiveness and competitiveness, strengthening national security, and improving the quality of life for the population.
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