Subject. This article discusses development of breeding and seed production as key links in the system of reproduction of agricultural crops. Objectives. The study aims to identify and substantiate factors determining the breeding and seed production development, and systematize them. Methods. For the study, we used methods of structural-functional analysis, logical and content classification, as well as generalization of domestic and foreign scientific experience and an interdisciplinary approach. Results. The article clarifies the stages of breeding and seed production, proposes their detailing, and highlights previously unaccented processes. It also systematizes the factors influencing the industry development into three groups. Conclusions. A systematic approach to examining the factors of breeding and seed production development makes it possible to identify ''bottlenecks'' at each stage of the process and move from universal measures of industry support to targeted solutions. The obtained results can help improve State and industry policy, increasing the level of food security and technological sovereignty of the country.
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