Subject. This article discusses the impact of demographic factors on the economic security of Russia and its regions. Objectives. The article aims to compare federal districts of Russia by nature of demographic threats. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. The article finds that low fertility and population aging are the most serious demographic threats in almost all federal districts, and it describes the most significant differences between the Russian federal districts in various parameters. Conclusions. To overcome demographic imbalances and strengthen Russia's economic security, a set of differentiated measures of State policy is needed at the federal and regional levels.
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