Transport system optimization in remote, hard-to-reach and sparsely populated regions, taking into account the requirements of environmental protection and national interests of the Russian Federation
Sergei F. EGOSHINNational Research Center Institute named after N.E. Zhukovsky, Moscow, Russian Federation sergey4791@yandex.ru ORCID id: not available
Subject. The article deals with improving the structure of transportation, considering local climatic conditions. Objectives. The focus is on investigation of the optimal structure of integrated transport system of remote, hard-to-reach and underpopulated regions of the Russian Federation by the criterion of minimum total greenhouse gas emissions, given the limitations of minimum transport standards of transportation quality. Methods. We apply methods of statistical, systems analysis, and economic and mathematical modeling. Results. The paper shows that in sparsely populated regions of Russia, the organization of local air traffic gives lower total carbon dioxide emissions, as contrasted with the organization of road transportation, and specifically under significant increase in the mobility of the population. The findings are valid both in terms of reducing the total greenhouse gas emissions, and in terms of reducing other emissions of harmful substances and anthropogenic impact accompanying the construction and operation of extensive ground transport infrastructure. Conclusions. Due to the preference of air transport over ground transport, the reduction of air carriage unit cost, rather than specific emissions of harmful substances, becomes a priority for environmental protection in underpopulated regions. This conclusion is reinforced due to particular vulnerability of unique ecosystems of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, where transport connectivity is the most immediate concern.
Keywords: transport accessibility, local transportation, environmental protection, carbon dioxide emissions, national interests
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