Pronichkin S.V.Federal Research Center Computer Science and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation pronichkin@mail.ru
Importance Currently, industrial enterprises in megalopolises are one of the main sources of environmental pollution. Statistical data on the environmental situation prove the need to urgently neutralize the impact of enterprises on environmental systems. Objectives The research examines effective economic mechanisms to influence natural resource consumers so to ensure sustainability of natural environmental systems, natural and anthropogenic sites in megalopolises. Methods The research draws upon the principles of a systems approach and general scientific methods, such as classification and structural analysis, combination of logic and functional methods, identification of the cause-and-effect relations. The historical method and method of legal comparison were used as special scientific tools. Results The article demonstrates the underdevelopment of the environmental control system and instrumental control exerted by governmental and nongovernmental institutions, with only few pollutants being envisaged and basic tariffs being set. I suggest setting up the toll rates on some types of physical impact, such as noise and electromagnetic radiation, and on hazardous and contaminating emissions. Conclusions and Relevance The article provides the rationale for switching from the practice of the toll-based permission of the negative effect towards a voluntary certification system on the basis of the best-in-class technologies. The findings can prove useful in the regulatory activities of executive authorities for environmental issues.
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