Importance The research focuses on the global and domestic practices of forming sustainable forms of the nanotechnology institutions' deviation from their normal operations (institutional anomalies) in a broad understanding of institutionalization of new technological modes. Objectives The research pursues the systematizing of institutional anomalies as part of multi-phased evolution of general-purpose technologies and respective technological modes; identifying malfunction of the nanotechnology institutions' development in the Russian Federation and articulating recommendations for eliminating it. Methods The research draws upon institutional, evolutionary, and functional methods of analysis. Results Once nanotechnologies were initially recognized and lobbied, there appeared various forms of heteronomy, hypogenesis of institutions, which maintained the new mode; high risks of fuzzy institutions. Institutional anomalies were proved to include the negative effect of path dependence, deficiency and fuzziness of regulatory institutions, unreasonable mental models, hypogenesis and malfunction of development institutions with high implementation pace and low complementarity. Conclusions and Relevance Various nanotechnology development institutions have specific malfunction, such as conservative investment policies, investment in the existing businesses instead of startups, manipulation of financial reporting and statistical data and excessive multifunctionality etc. To neutralize the institutional anomalies in nanotechnologies, it is critical to involve as many stakeholders as possible in its regulatory process, thus forming nano-specific institutions.
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