Importance The article overviews the issues of food security in Russia during new challenges and threats and substantiates a growing role of the State in ensuring it. Objectives The research pursues the identifying and substantiating priority mechanisms for the State regulation of macro- and microeconomic processes in agriculture, relying upon global expertise in national food security, agricultural development, WTO requirements to supporting such development in terms of the current socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation. Methods The research draws upon a content analysis of data pertaining to the Federal State Statistics Services, regulatory and program documents, analytical reports by the Russian Ministry of Agriculture. Theoretical sources were systematized concurrently with processing statistical data on agricultural development, rates of socio-economic indicators of Russia, using special methods. Results I substantiated approaches to modifying the State regulation of agricultural development by elaborating a set of agricultural policy tools that meet the WTO requirements. They will ensure food security, boost competitiveness of the agricultural sector and rural income, and diversify agricultural economy and improve the performance of agricultural institutions and infrastructure facilities. Conclusions and Relevance Under the new economic circumstances, Russia should remain independent in terms of its food security through the effective use of natural, resource, productive and human potential and robust agricultural policy, using the State aid measures permitted by the WTO as much as possible.
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