Importance Analyzing the issues of ensuring the stability and sustainability of national economic systems, it is necessary to pay a lot of attention to the role of the State in economy. This aspect is one of the key issues for various areas of economic thought, thus resulting in many scientific researches on the subject. However, there is active promotion of the approach based on the neo-classical principles and implying a minimum involvement of the State in economy. The situation may lead to omitting significant factors ensuring the security of the national economic systems. Objectives The research aims at studying the State regulation concepts proposed by various economic schools, and comparing them. As its practical value, the research determines whether liberal principles are reasonable in the State economic policy of modern Russia. Methods We made a comparative analysis of schools and areas of the economic thought, putting special focus on the role attributed to the State in ensuring the economic security of national economic systems. Results The world systems analysis proved to be the most appropriate basis for building the concept of the State's economic role and function in globalization. This analysis will precisely model the economic reality and contemporary international relations, avoiding distortions caused with other approaches. Conclusions and Relevance Based on the research, we conclude that Russia, as a semi-periphery country, cannot be interested in liberalizing its economic policy, thus generating the 'centrifugal' motion in the contemporary world systems. The current situation arises from growing external challenges and threats to the Russian Federation and requires the State to control and regulate economic processes more strictly.
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