Khandazhapova L.M.Baikal Institute of Natural Resources Management, Siberian Branch of RAS, Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia, Russian Federation khanl@binm.bscnet.ru
Lubsanova N.B.Baikal Institute of Natural Resources Management, Siberian Branch of RAS, Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia, Russian Federation nlub@binm.bscnet.ru
Importance The article examines social and economic issues of sustainable development in rural areas of Russia. Objectives As the main purpose, the research determines conditions and factors that influence the sustainable development of rural areas as the basis for food security of the country and its regions. Methods To achieve the objective, we summarize scientific approaches the Russian scholars use to formulate agrarian policies and study issues of sustainable development of rural areas. Substantiating our conclusions, we apply comparative, economic, statistical and sociological methods of analysis. Results Based on social surveys, we identify the main issues of rural areas. These are unemployment, low income level, alcoholism, poor health care services, environmental pollution, poor leisure, difficulties in land use, including pastures. Respondents' answers corroborate many researchers' conclusions on that low income level and insufficient infrastructure in rural areas are the main reasons forcing rural population out of their areas. We describe the principal practices of the rural population to improve and sustain their earnings and living: stock rearing, sheep breeding, poultry farming, growing vegetables, sale of household products, letting land on lease, delivery of fee-based agricultural services. Conclusions and Relevance We corroborate our conclusions that the existing problems of rural development stem from low efficiency of recent State programs in agriculture. We propose scientific and practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of agrarian policies, to solve priority socio-economic issues of sustainable development in rural areas of Russia, including an increase in governmental investments in construction of infrastructure facilities in rural areas (educational, health care and cultural institutions, construction of roads, water, gas and power supply facilities). We also mention what aid the State should provide to reduce unemployment, organize new jobs and tackle alcohol abuse.
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