Importance The issue of psychological health is of interdisciplinary nature. Sociology, physiology, economics and psychology study this aspect of human life. The research aims at identifying dominant factors and conditions that determine health as social and cultural background of happiness economics, on the one hand, and a component of national security, on the other hand. Objectives The research strives to substantiate the need to consider factors of psychological health in formulating the concept of health preservation as a component of national security and determining the extent of those factors' influence on individual and public health. Methods The research relies upon such methodological principles as systems of economic and socio-cultural relationships with regard to a compromise socially-oriented and coordinated combination of material and spiritual preferences; the principle of development studying health protection processes in terms of psychological attitudes of health preserving behavior; the principle of methodological, theoretical and practical unity that allows to reliably check theoretical hypotheses through a correlation analysis of health indicators and trends in the factors that determine health. Results The results allow identifying the dominant factors, which have a positive or negative effect on the psychological component of health resource as a whole. As our calculations show, correlation coefficients are differently oriented. Mortality indicators are in direct proportion to total divorce rate. The birth rate has inverse relationship with the level of education and total divorce rate. The outcomes of the research indicate that the number of the unemployed has the highest effect on criminal activities. Conclusions and Relevance We conclude that psychological health is subject to many factors, i.e. work, employment, leisure, level of income, social status, education, etc. The research identifies the dominant factors and conditions determining individual and public health and illustrates cases of the Volga Federal District.
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