Lubsanova N.B.Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of RAS, Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia, Russian Federation nlub@binm.bscnet.ru
Importance The macroeconomic risks comprise the loss of competitiveness of regional products in the global food market, as well as the high interest rates of bank loans. The technological risks in the area of production are associated with the low level of the technical and technological manufacturing facilities of production. The significant role in ensuring food security of the country and its regions belongs to the foreign trade factors, including the strengthening of the imported products volumes under Russia's WTO accession. Objectives The determination of the conditions and factors, which ensure the food independence of the region's economy, is the main goal of the research. We pay particular attention to the risks of ensuring food security, including macroeconomic, technological, natural and climatic, and also the foreign trade ones. Methods We research the trends of processes of production and consumption of basic food commodities in the Buryatia Republic; as well we analyze the efficiency of the use of agricultural land. An indicator of the share of food imports in domestic consumption is proposed as a criterion for assessing food security in the region, based on which we propose an assessment of food security of the eastern regions of Russia. Results The results of the study show the decrease in domestic production of agricultural products in the Buryatia Republic and an increase of the share of imported goods in it, which in its turn, poses the threat to ensuring of the region food security. We substantiate the need for the State support to the national producers in the area of production and processing of agricultural products, including those regarding the organization of wholesale centers for the sale of agricultural products. Conclusions and Relevance Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the efficiency of the State agrarian policy, and at the same time, we underline inefficiency of supporting the small farms of agriculture sector. The article substantiates the necessity for the State agricultural policy reorientation in order to increase the State support to agricultural enterprises activities.
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