The development of the Russian economy considerably depends on such a source of growth as human capital, which is conditional upon the qualitative changes of the economic, social and political conditions of the social development associated with the formation of knowledge economy, the increasing of differentiation of the territories of the country against the backdrop of the globalization and information system development. One of the factors in achieving the sustainable development and the efficient economic growth is to ensure gender equality. However, the role of women in the economy and business of our country is still inadequate in context of the needs of modern contemporary society associated with the development of traditional markets and formation of new ones. The study is aimed at examining the reproductive processes of the human capital in Russia relying on the gender specifics, as well as an assessment of the directions on achieving the gender equality and its impact on the socio-economic development. The human capital of a territory is an object of the study, and the study's subject is the gender aspect as one of the factors in the development of human capital. Based on the analysis, the authors arrived at conclusion on the continuing gender gap in life expectancy, educational level and income. The paper highlights the asymmetry in the labour market, which is expressed in the gap of the level of education of women, their economic activity and return on investment and the achieved level of human capital. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors highlight the unequal access of women and men to economic resources, which continues to be relevant in modern Russia, and the absence of adequate gender policy, which is consistent with the relevant rules of international law, conventions of the United Nations and other international organizations. The latest assumptions enabled the authors to formulate some trends of the gender equality institutionalization as a resource for the development of sustainable economy.
Keywords: human capital, gender, gender inequality
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