The article takes a look at the risks associated with the situation in Russia in the global system of division of labor. Despite the efforts aimed at the transition to the innovation way of development, the Russian economy retains predominantly its commodity specialization. The efficiency and competitiveness of technologies in many sectors of the manufacturing industry and other technology-intensive and high-tech economic activities remain low. However, a number of economists and politicians believe that our country can successfully prosper, serving at the same time as the provider of a variety of natural resources to the world market. At the same time, in the context of growing global contradictions, the military threats become very relevant (not only direct military intervention, but also the destabilization of the country, the change of power by means of the "soft power", etc.). The countries, which are the most powerful in economic, political and military contexts, seek to impose their power on the various natural resources, territories, lines of communication across the globe. Thus, the countries, which possess the various natural resources, face the growing threats to their security, not least of all - Russia. The paper considers the basic issues, such as whether the inefficient commodity-based economy is capable to ensure the sustainable development and is it in the position to provide the necessary funding for the defense of the country, as well as how do the military and economic security relate to each other? The article provides a simplified economic-mathematical model of interaction between the two countries, one of which has the resources and the other one is in the possession of the more sophisticated manufacturing technologies. The article also takes into account the possibility of seizing of the resources of the first country from the second one. The authors provide the analysis of the reasonable industrial and military policy of the first country depending on the level of industrial and military technologies and make recommendations, which ensure the innovative development of these technologies.
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