Subject. Uncertainty and risks of the banking system development have increased against the background of identified inefficient credit and payment instruments. The conceptual framework for the said system development includes not only the State support to backbone banks, but also establishing the cause-effect relationship between the offered banking product and the service, and the conditions and legal grounds stipulated for banks, having basic and universal licenses. Objectives. The purpose is to identify the specifics of banking operations related to credit products, considering the changes in distribution of payment instruments of banks in the credit card market. Methods. The study employs empirical and theoretical methods, like formalization, observation, comparison, test of cause and effect relationships. The systems approach forms a basis of the study. Results. I consider conditions for obtaining the government support for targeted loans, including the participation in major innovative projects and programs and the need to balance financing for the acquisition of intangible assets through subsidized interest rates on loans. It is recommended to introduce the concept of ‘credit banking instruments’ for scientific and economy-related purposes. Conclusions. Improving the efficiency of the use of credit banking instruments should be implemented on the basis of a comprehensive system of preventing financial losses, diversification of loan portfolio and optimization of payments with bank card holders, taking into account the lending policy, formed in the context of activities of a particular federal district and the subject of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: bank, banking system, credit instrument
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