Subject. Innovative activity of Russian industrial organizations by type of economic activity for 2017–2025. Objectives. Identification of key factors determining the intensity of innovation costs, assessment of structural shifts and typologization of industries by the level of innovation maturity. Methods. The information base was compiled by the Rosstat data on 18 types of economic activity (a panel of 126 observations). Correlation analysis, panel regression with two–way fixed effects, the Dumitrescu–Harlin panel causality test, as well as k-means clustering for grouping industries are applied. Results. It was found that the share of innovatively active organizations (coefficient 0.087, p < 0.001) and the level of digitalization (0.032, p < 0.05) positively affect the intensity of innovation costs. The causality test confirmed the unidirectional impact of innovation activity on costs. Clusterization identified three groups: leaders (high–tech industries with a cost intensity of 2.5–5.5%), medium-tech (0.3-1.5%) and traditional/raw materials industries (< 1%). The analysis of heterogeneity showed that in the leading industries the influence of factors is much higher, in the traditional ones it is statistically insignificant. Conclusions. Innovation and digitalization are significant drivers of rising innovation costs, but their impact varies significantly across industry groups. This justifies the need for a differentiated industrial policy: supporting R&D and digitalization for leaders, stimulating modernization for medium-tech industries, diversification and technological re-equipment for raw materials sectors.
Keywords: innovation activity, intensity of innovation costs, panel regression, cluster analysis, causality test
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