Importance Technological development plays a crucial role in the agrarian sector of Russia. The article considers the degree of assimilation of basic innovation of the fifth technological mode, which should become primary objectives of high technology development and implementation in agriculture. Objectives The aim of the paper is to study the implementation of basic innovation of the fifth and the sixth technological modes in the agricultural sector of Russia. Methods The study rests on the information and logical analysis and the synthesis of materials on achievements in the development of intelligent agricultural machinery, biotechnology, genetic engineering and other priority areas. Results The study identifies the main areas of agriculture technology development in Russia from the perspective of implementing the innovation that is based on information technologies, intellectualization of agricultural machinery, bio and nanotechnologies. The paper shows that the development and implementation of high agricultural technologies in Russia are significantly lagging behind leading foreign countries. It is necessary to substantially increase amounts of financing for economy development based on knowledge, acceleration of implementation of high-tech innovative technologies that form the basis of the fifth and the sixth technological modes. Conclusions and Relevance The Russian agro-industrial complex is at the stage of the fifth technological mode. To span the existing gap in the development of basic innovation, it is required to employ all innovative mechanisms, increase significantly the R&D costs in line with the country's modernization goals.
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