The process of population's income generation and distribution acts as an individual subject of research in the present article. The aim of the work is to develop strategic measures to improve the life quality of Russian citizens, to achieve high standards of life support in order to prevent threats to the national security and social stability. The author proceeds from the assumption that income is an important indicator of modern society and reflects its welfare. The article systematizes population groups by economic security. The author stresses the increasing role of the State in implementing the policy of income generation of the population and presents the structure of incomes of the Russian population. The study makes an assessment of the indicators of social tension (the Gini coefficient, the decile ratio), which enables to conclude about the growing disparities in income distribution, which, in turn, testifies to the current active process of stratification of society. The author considers the principles of social policy (social justice, individual social responsibility, solidarity, social compensation, social guarantees, universality), justifies the dilemma of social justice and economic efficiency as an expression of a contradiction between stabilizing and stimulating functions of the social policy. The study proposes strategic guidelines enabling to reduce social tension in the society and ensure sustainable social development. The research task was accomplished through the study of the scientific works of domestic and foreign scholars on this issue. The methodological basis of the study was the general scientific methods and techniques (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, the combination of historical and logical, etc.), and specific methods of evaluation (monitoring of key indicators, expert estimates). The results of the study can be used in developing programs and strategies of socio-economic development at macro- and meso-levels, concepts of sustainable development and social security doctrine.
Keywords: income, inequality, social differentiation, social justice, poverty
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