Shvets N.N.International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy of MGIMO-University of MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation info@fsk-ees.ru
Demidov A.V.International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy of MGIMO-University of MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation electro@inno.mgimo.ru
The article analyses the development of Russian economic science in terms of the impact of Western economic schools in shaping views on State tariff regulation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The authors consider the polarization of views on the role of the State in the economy in the European scientific thought, due to the antagonism of free trade and protectionism. The article shows that, despite the dominance of classical economic schools in Western scientific thought, alternative directions gestated in parallel, caused by the growth of national consciousness and the emergence of new national economies on the path of capitalist development. The new national economic schools rejected classical political economy dogmatism, which demonstrated its incompleteness. The new economic schools introduced the national factor to economic science and more detailed than in past centuries, examining possible methods of State regulation of economic processes. Formed originally in the United States, the Centre of intellectual development of the historical approach to the economy had shifted to Germany by the middle of the 19th century, and near the end of the century this tradition was inherited by Russia. The Russian economic thought early conceptualization started with the perception and processing of F. Liszt's heritage, and proceeded with its own original development. The main achievements of the German historical school were creatively redefined and incorporated into the general body of economic knowledge in the writings of scientists like Sergey Witte and Dmitry Mendeleyev, and successfully implemented in the economic policies of the Russian Empire.
Keywords: State, regulation, market, competition, tariff, taxes, protectionism, national economy, historical school
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