Importance Banking transactions and banking operations are central categories of the banking law. They are considered differently: as identical and as adjacent concepts. Objectives The aim of the study is to analyze viewpoints of legal experts on the issue of distinguishing the concepts of banking transaction and banking operation in the domestic legislation, to show their interconnection in the Russian legislation with simultaneous distinction of these categories. Methods The methodological basis of the study is a general scientific method of obtaining knowledge. I also apply other methods, like analysis, description, explanation. Results Banking operations and banking transactions are fundamental institutions of the banking law; they are interrelated. These categories are often confused because the subjects of law use them as integrated components of banking business. The findings can be used for critical analysis of the legal nature of banking operations and banking transactions. Conclusions and Relevance The legal concepts of banking transaction and banking operation can be defined as original components of banking business. They have similar substance and value in the banking sphere. These concepts should not be confused, they differ by characteristics specified by legal scholars. The distinction of the concepts is important for both the theory and practice.
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