Subject. This article examines the important for the Russian Federation issues of carbon-dioxide absorption certificate creation, certification, and trading arising from the current climate agenda defined by the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Objectives. The article aims to investigate methodological and organizational issues that hinder the exchange carbon unit trading, especially when implementing forest environmental projects aimed to enhance the absorbing capacity of Russian forests. The article also aims to develop original proposals to classify the carbon tax in the context of the implementation of carbon regulation in the Russian Federation. Methods. For the study, we used analysis, comparison, systematization, and generalization of relevant scientific literature. Results. The article classifies the existing approaches to the assessment of carbon units for their use in exchange emission trading, and it offers recommendations for making appropriate forest legislation amendments. Conclusions and Relevance. The implementation of plans for adaptation to climate change will require the development of a range of activities, including exchange trading of carbon units. The results of the study are aimed at implementing forest environmental projects with minimal damage to the Russian industry, which falls under external carbon regulation, and will improve the economic security of the State in the context of the transition to de-carbonization of the economy. The proposed approaches can be used in summarizing the results of an experiment to establish special regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and absorption in the Sakhalin Oblast in terms of accounting for carbon units in exchange trading and developing industry-wide recommendations on this issue.
Malysheva N.V., Moiseev B.N., Filipchuk A.N., Zolina T.A. [Methods of carbon balance estimation in forest ecosystems and their application to calculate annual carbon sequestration]. Lesnoi vestnik = Forestry Bulletin, 2017, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 4–13. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Kokorin A.O., Lugovaya D.L. [CO2 absorption by Russian forests in the context of the Paris Agreement]. Ustoichivoe lesopol'zovanie, 2018, no. 2, pp. 13–18. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Zav'yalov M.M., Litvin A.G. [Avoiding double taxation: hydrocarbon tax and State certifications]. Finansovyi biznes = Financial Business, 2021, no. 10, pp. 25–27. (In Russ.)
Porfir'ev B.N., Shirov A.A., Kolpakov A.Yu. [Low-carbon development strategy: Prospects for the Russian economy]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya = World Economy and International Relations, 2020, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 15–25. (In Russ.) URL: Link
Porfir'ev B.N. [The low-carbon development paradigm and climate change risk reduction strategy for the economy]. Problemy prognozirovaniya = Studies on Russian Economic Development, 2019, no. 2, pp. 3–13. (In Russ.) URL: Link
Makarov I.A., Stepanov I.A. [Carbon regulation: Options and challenges for Russia]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 6: Ekonomika = Moscow University Economics Bulletin, 2017, no. 6, pp. 3–22. (In Russ.) URL: Link
Belik I.S., Starodubets N.V., Maiorova T.V., Yachmeneva A.I. Mekhanizm realizatsii kontseptsii nizkouglerodnogo razvitiya ekonomiki: monografiya [A mechanism of implementation of the concept of low-carbon economic development: a monograph]. Ufa, Omega Publ., 2018, 119 p.
Petrunin N.A. [The development of lease relations in Russian forest economy and their impact on the forest industry profitability]. Trudy Sankt-Peterburgskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo instituta lesnogo khozyaistva = Proceedings of Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute, 2019, no. 1, pp. 68–80. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Petrov A.P. [Public-private partnership in the forest sector. Lease lessons and challenges of the future]. LesPromInform, 2018, no. 5, pp. 136–142. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Shutov I.V. Vekhi lesnogo khozyaistva Rossii [Milestones of forestry of Russia]. St. Petersburg, Polytechnic University Publ., 2012, 283 p.
Petrov A.P. [New forest legislation: Lessons learned and policy decisions]. LesPromInform, 2020, no. 1, pp. 18–23. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Petrov A.P. [Forest and climate: Partnership or antagonism?]. Lesnoi kompleks, 2021, no. 6, pp. 28–34. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Lukina N.V. [Global challenges and forest ecosystems]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk = Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 528–532. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Sakhanov V.V., Kashuba V.V., Machina A.E. [Efficiency of use of different types of wood fuel]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta lesa – Lesnoi vestnik = Forestry Bulletin, 2011, no. 6, pp. 165–168. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Sukhanov V.S., Levin A. Perspektivy lesnoi bioenergetiki [Prospects of forest biofuel engineering]. Derevo.RU, 2013, no. 2, pp. 106–110. (In Russ.)
Kuznetsov S.G. [Innovative activity of enterprises of the forest sector of Russia]. Ekonomika i predprinimatel'stvo = Journal of Economy and Entrepreneurship, 2017, no. 12-1, pp. 983–986. (In Russ.)
Zozulya V.V., Romanchenko O.V., Sakhanov V.V., Fitchin A.A. [Wood as a building material: Problems and prospects of use]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo = Industrial and Civil Engineering, 2018, no. 2, pp. 67–71. (In Russ.)