Subject. Debt problems of the Russian economy. Objectives. Identify the debt problems of the Russian economy. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study was the provisions of the neoclassical and Keynesian directions of economic theory concerning the influence of monetary policy on credit activity, savings and investments. The methodological framework of the research is based on the complex application of statistical and graphical analysis methods, which allows identifying and interpreting key trends and structural shifts in the Russian economy. Results. The key factors determining the debt problems of the Russian economy have been identified, including the excessive growth of household debt relative to non-financial organizations, reducing their ability to consume and increasing the risks to the functioning of non-financial organizations. The volatility of loans for the economy and money supply generates unpredictability in the credit policy of banks caused by problems with liquidity and tight monetary policy of the Bank of Russia, causing a decrease in lending activity, slowing economic growth and complicating long-term planning for companies. It is shown that the high value of the difference between the key rate and inflation increases the cost of borrowing for businesses and the population, and sharp fluctuations in its dynamics create macroeconomic instability. The active growth in the volume of federal loan bonds increases budget expenditures on servicing domestic government debt, and the volatility in the ratio of deposits from credit institutions in the Bank of Russia to the trade balance causes a decrease in the stability of the financial system. Conclusions. The debt problems of the Russian economy are caused by an imbalance between corporate and private debt, volatility of credit activity, tight monetary policy and growing dependence on domestic government debt.
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