Issues and prospects of government regulation of anthropogenic burden on the environmental system of the megalopolis: Limitation and sanitary protection zones
Pronichkin S.V.Federal Research Center Computer Science and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation pronichkin@mail.ru
Importance The environment of the Russian Federation is exposed to high anthropogenic burden on its ecosystems. Negative anthropogenic effects on the environment of megalopolises represents a significant socio-economic challenge, which is very important to solve. Such circumstances necessitate the improvement of regulations relating to limitation of negative effects and expansion of sanitary protection zones. Objectives The research develops and improves the legislative framework for regulatory activities relating to reduction of anthropogenic burden on ecosystems of big cities, so to create favorable environment for human living and health. The objectives require a comprehensive study into limitation of adverse effects and development of sanitary protection zones. Methods The research draws upon principles of a systems approach using general scientific methods of research, such as classification and structural analysis, combination of logic and functional methods, identification of the cause-and-effect relations. Methods of legal comparison and historical methods were used as special tools for the research. Results I found challenges and formulated my proposals to improve the practice of setting up limits of negative effects and developing sanitary protection zones. Conclusions and Relevance To restrict emissions of pollutants, it is necessary to legislatively stipulate a ratio of limits and rates of acceptable emissions. It is also reasonable to outline how a group of industrial enterprises should cooperate to develop a single sanitary protection zone in line with total emissions and physical footprint. The findings may prove helpful in regulatory activities of executive authorities for environmental protection.
Keywords: megalopolis, ecosystem capacity, anthropogenic burden, limitation, sanitary protection zone
References:
Marar O.I. Ekologicheskaya kul'tura v sovremennom rossiiskom obshchestve [Environmentally friendly culture in the contemporary Russian society]. Moscow, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Publ., 2012, 41 p.
Krasnova I.O. [Environmental security as a legal category]. Lex Russica, 2014, no. 5, pp. 543–555. (In Russ.) doi: 10.7256/1729-5920.2014.5.9506
Brinchuk M.M. [The nature is public good]. Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and Law, 2013, no. 8, pp. 15–26. (In Russ.)
Brinchuk M.M. [The law can drive the progress and degradation of nature, society and the State]. Astrakhanskii vestnik ekologicheskogo obrazovaniya = Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education, 2012, no. 1, pp. 6–15. (In Russ.)
Vasil'eva M.I. [Natural resource management for personal needs: differentiation of interests and current issues]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 11: Pravo = Moscow University Bulletin. Series 11 Law, 2013, no. 2, pp. 24–44. (In Russ.)
Vasil'eva M.I. [On a correlation of interest and legal right in environmental relations]. Ekologicheskoe pravo = Environmental Law, 2012, no. 4, pp. 26–31. (In Russ.)
Vasil'eva M.I. [Parties of environmental relations]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 11: Pravo = Moscow University Bulletin. Series 11 Law, 2009, no. 5, pp. 3–27. (In Russ.)
Jänicke M. Trend-Setters in Environmental Policy: the Character and Role of Pioneer Countries. European Environment, 2005, vol. 15, pp. 129–142. doi: 10.1002/eet.375
Wang Z., Zhang B., Zeng H. The Effect of Environmental Regulation on External Trade: Empirical Evidences from Chinese Economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, vol. 114, pp. 55–61. doi: Link
He J. Pollution Haven Hypothesis and Environmental Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment: the Case of Industrial Emission of Sulfur Dioxide SO2 in Chinese Provinces. Ecological Economics, 2006, vol. 60, iss. 1, pp. 228–245. doi: Link
Zining J. Environmental Impact Assessment Law in China's Courts: A Study of 107 Judicial Decisions. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2015, vol. 55, pp. 35–44. doi: Link
Liu Hunian. [Legal liability for environmental offenses in Russia and China]. Grazhdanin i pravo = Citizen and Law, 2007, no. 1, pp. 48–60. (In Russ.)
Shiryaev A.Yu. [Substance of guilt in formally defined crimes]. Zakonnost' = Legitimacy, 2011, no. 8, pp. 51–55. (In Russ.)
Popov I.V. [Searching for the criteria of criminality of actions against the natural habitat]. Rossiiskii sledovatel' = Russian Investigator, 2010, no. 9, pp. 13–16. (In Russ.)
Cole M.A., Elliott R.J., Zhang J. Growth, Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment: Evidence from Chinese Cities. Journal of Regional Science, 2011, vol. 51, iss. 1, pp. 121–138. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00674.x
Merican Y., Yusop Z., Noor Z.M., Hook L.S. Foreign Direct Investment and the Pollution in Five ASEAN Nations. International Journal of Economics and Management, 2007, vol. 1, iss. 2, pp. 245–261.
Rorie M., Rinfret S., Pautz M. The Thin Green Line: Examining Environmental Regulation and Environmental Offending from Multiple Perspectives. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 2015, vol. 43, iss. 4, pp. 586–608. doi: Link
Korhonen J., Pätäri S., Toppinen A., Tuppura A. The Role of Environmental Regulation in the Future Competitiveness of the Pulp and Paper Industry: the Case of the Sulfur Emissions Directive in Northern Europe. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, vol. 108, part A, pp. 864–872. doi: Link
Bailey P., Haq G., Gouldson A. Mind the Gap! Comparing Ex Ante and Ex Post Assessments of the Costs of Complying with Environmental Regulation. Environmental Policy and Governance, 2002, vol. 12, iss. 5, pp. 245–256. doi: 10.1002/eet.303
Auld G., Berstein S., Cashore B. The New Corporate Social Responsibility. Annual Review Environment Resources, 2008, vol. 33, pp. 413–435. doi: 10.1146/annurev.environ.33.013007.103754
Zhao X., Sun B. The Influence of Chinese Environmental Regulation on Corporation Innovation and Competitiveness. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, vol. 112, part 2, pp. 1528–1536. doi: Link
Brinchuk M.M. [Nature potential as the methodological basis of the State ecological policy and the environmental law]. Ekologicheskoe pravo = Environmental Law, 2010, no. 3, pp. 2–8. (In Russ.)
